Kind of a long, technical read but a very large retrospective report. Actually a huge problem in parrots, with Amazons and African Grey Parrots at the top of the list. Chronic malnutrition (still very common) and lack of exercise are leading risk factors, while wild cockatoos, with proper nutrition (wild) and plenty of exercise showed no cardiovascular pathology. Atherosclerosis can take years to develop unnoticed until presented in crisis mode, for veterinary evaluation. Advanced imaging techniques show that most African Grey "house parrots" have atherosclerosis by 10 years of age